Distribution, segregation and chemical state identification of Lithium salts on Cu electrodes

Rechargeable metal-based batteries (Li, Na and Al) are among the most versatile platforms for high-energy storage. Unfortunately however there are several pitfalls for these energy storage systems, one of which is deposition and dendrite formation during repeated cycles of charge and discharge. Many studies have been performed in search of a dendrite-free, deposition-free system for lithium batteries using novel materials such as 3D structures and carbon nanofibers.[1,2]  Here we will explore the distribution of Lithium in different chemical environments on electrode surfaces. We employ conventional surface analysis techniques (XPS) to yield large area, quantitative, information regarding the distribution of surface species. To explore the lateral and depth distribution of Li we also utilise XP imaging and Argon cluster depth profiling.